Next, we will define our ABI. ABI stands for Application Binary Interface. In a Sway contract, it serves as an outline of all the functions within the contract. For each function, you need to specify its name, input types, return types, and level of storage access.
Our contract's ABI will be structured as follows:
contract;
use std::{
auth::msg_sender,
call_frames::msg_asset_id,
constants::BASE_ASSET_ID,
context::{
msg_amount,
this_balance,
},
token::transfer,
hash::Hash
};
struct Item {
id: u64,
price: u64,
owner: Identity,
metadata: str[20],
total_bought: u64,
}
abi SwayStore {
// a function to list an item for sale
// takes the price and metadata as args
#[storage(read, write)]
fn list_item(price: u64, metadata: str[20]);
// a function to buy an item
// takes the item id as the arg
#[storage(read, write), payable]
fn buy_item(item_id: u64);
// a function to get a certain item
#[storage(read)]
fn get_item(item_id: u64) -> Item;
// a function to set the contract owner
#[storage(read, write)]
fn initialize_owner() -> Identity;
// a function to withdraw contract funds
#[storage(read)]
fn withdraw_funds();
// return the number of items listed
#[storage(read)]
fn get_count() -> u64;
}
storage {
// counter for total items listed
item_counter: u64 = 0,
// map of item IDs to Items
item_map: StorageMap<u64, Item> = StorageMap {},
// owner of the contract
owner: Option<Identity> = Option::None,
}
enum InvalidError {
IncorrectAssetId: AssetId,
NotEnoughTokens: u64,
OnlyOwner: Identity,
}
impl SwayStore for Contract {
#[storage(read, write)]
fn list_item(price: u64, metadata: str[20]) {
// increment the item counter
storage.item_counter.write(storage.item_counter.try_read().unwrap() + 1);
// get the message sender
let sender = msg_sender().unwrap();
// configure the item
let new_item: Item = Item {
id: storage.item_counter.try_read().unwrap(),
price: price,
owner: sender,
metadata: metadata,
total_bought: 0,
};
// save the new item to storage using the counter value
storage.item_map.insert(storage.item_counter.try_read().unwrap(), new_item);
}
#[storage(read, write), payable]
fn buy_item(item_id: u64) {
// get the asset id for the asset sent
let asset_id = msg_asset_id();
// require that the correct asset was sent
require(asset_id == BASE_ASSET_ID, InvalidError::IncorrectAssetId(asset_id));
// get the amount of coins sent
let amount = msg_amount();
// get the item to buy
let mut item = storage.item_map.get(item_id).try_read().unwrap();
// require that the amount is at least the price of the item
require(amount >= item.price, InvalidError::NotEnoughTokens(amount));
// update the total amount bought
item.total_bought += 1;
// update the item in the storage map
storage.item_map.insert(item_id, item);
// only charge commission if price is more than 0.1 ETH
if amount > 100_000_000 {
// keep a 5% commission
let commission = amount / 20;
let new_amount = amount - commission;
// send the payout minus commission to the seller
transfer(item.owner, asset_id, new_amount);
} else {
// send the full payout to the seller
transfer(item.owner, asset_id, amount);
}
}
#[storage(read)]
fn get_item(item_id: u64) -> Item {
// returns the item for the given item_id
storage.item_map.get(item_id).try_read().unwrap()
}
#[storage(read, write)]
fn initialize_owner() -> Identity {
let owner = storage.owner.try_read().unwrap();
// make sure the owner has NOT already been initialized
require(owner.is_none(), "owner already initialized");
// get the identity of the sender
let sender = msg_sender().unwrap();
// set the owner to the sender's identity
storage.owner.write(Option::Some(sender));
// return the owner
sender
}
#[storage(read)]
fn withdraw_funds() {
let owner = storage.owner.try_read().unwrap();
// make sure the owner has been initialized
require(owner.is_some(), "owner not initialized");
let sender = msg_sender().unwrap();
// require the sender to be the owner
require(sender == owner.unwrap(), InvalidError::OnlyOwner(sender));
// get the current balance of this contract for the base asset
let amount = this_balance(BASE_ASSET_ID);
// require the contract balance to be more than 0
require(amount > 0, InvalidError::NotEnoughTokens(amount));
// send the amount to the owner
transfer(owner.unwrap(), BASE_ASSET_ID, amount);
}
#[storage(read)]
fn get_count() -> u64 {
storage.item_counter.try_read().unwrap()
}
}
A function is defined using the fn
keyword. In Sway, snake case is the convention, so instead of naming a function myFunction
, you would name it my_function
.
If the function returns a value, its return type must be defined using a skinny arrow. Additionally, if the function has parameters, their types must also be specified. Semicolons are required at the end of each statement.
If a function either reads from or writes to storage, you need to specify the access level above the function using annotations like #[storage(read)]
or #[storage(read, write)]
.
For functions that are expected to receive funds when called, such as the buy_item
function, the #[payable]
annotation should be used.
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